Abstract:
To reach the climate goals set forth in the Paris Agreement both decarbonization and atmospheric removal of carbon dioxide are required. The US Department of Energy is investing billions of dollars to advance direct air capture of CO2, the White House National Science and Technology Council is developing a Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Fast-Track Action Committee, and the Department of Energy and NOAA are collaborating on marine carbon dioxide removal research and development. Given our shared ocean borders, this panel will be asking how best to collaborate and align each of our countries’ efforts, on policy development, initiatives that inform best practices, and scientific needs that advance policy. By working together, the Paris Agreement climate goals can be accelerated.

Summary of Conversations

The panel explored strategies for adapting to and mitigating climate change, particularly focusing on carbon removal from the environment, including oceans. It highlighted the ocean’s significant role in modulating climate and absorbing CO2 emissions. Discussions emphasized the necessity of innovative solutions, technologies, and the importance of government policies and regulations for safe adoption. The Montreal Protocol was referenced as a successful model of collaboration between governments, scientists, technologists, and the private sector. Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) techniques, including ocean alkalinity enhancement, and projects like Solid Carbon (injecting CO2 into ocean basalt) were discussed, emphasizing the need for research platforms to assess benefits and risks. The discussion underscored the complexities of balancing innovation, ocean protection, and regulatory frameworks, advocating for inclusive public consultation and international coordination.

Take Away Messages/ Current Status of Challenges

• The ocean has been absorbing a significant amount of CO2 and heat, mitigating climate change impacts, but is now threatened by increasing acidity.
• Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) is essential for achieving net-zero emissions, particularly to address historical emissions.
• International bodies are increasingly focused on CDR and marine CDR, recognizing the complexity and the need for scientific understanding.
• Regulatory frameworks, like the London Protocol, are evolving to address marine geoengineering activities, including ocean fertilization, but progress is slow.
• Canada has opportunities to lead in carbon removal technologies, but needs cohesive interdepartmental work and engagement with indigenous communities and stakeholders.
• Balancing innovation with protecting marine environments remains a key challenge in developing effective policies.
• Public understanding and acceptance of carbon removal technologies are crucial, but misinformation and concerns about ecological impacts pose barriers.
• Clear regulatory frameworks and market mechanisms are needed to incentivize the development and deployment of carbon removal solutions.

Recommendations/Next Steps

• Establish separate carbon removal targets to provide a clear signal for investment and innovation.
• Accelerate innovation through fast-track programs to move projects from lab to demonstration scale.
• Create demand signals for carbon removal credits through government procurement programs and integration into compliance markets.
• Harmonize carbon removal standards and protocols with international efforts to facilitate participation in global markets.
• Prioritize funding for carbon removal innovation, ensuring a dedicated fund for research and development.
• Mainstream carbon removal into climate plans, strategies, and procurement programs to ensure its integration across sectors.
• Engage Indigenous communities in research and development, respecting their knowledge and governance structures.
• Develop industry best practices for community engagement and project deployment at the local level.